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For reduction of iron and manganese, under the right conditions.
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It is perhaps the most versatile and universal of filter media.īirm. Granular carbon is the preferred treatment for many chemical contaminants. It is the most commonly used medium for hydrogen sulfide reduction. Carbon can also remove sediment and even iron if the iron is pretreated properly. For chlorine and chloramine reduction, taste/odor improvement, general chemical reduction. Here are some of the more common granular media used in backwashing filters: With a few minor modifications, a backwashing filter can serve many different purposes according to the filter medium used. Some very sophisticated setups can initiate backwash in response to a pressure differential between the incoming and outgoing water, but for most situations, the standard, reliable timer control is preferred on backwashing filters. Meters, which backwash the media when a certain number of gallons have been treated, are used widely on water softeners but much less frequently on filters. Most modern filters use timer-style controls in which an electric timer initiates and controls the backwash of the filter at a pre selected time. Mineral tanks are very strong and usually guaranteed for up to ten years by the manufacturer.Ĭontrol Valves. Called “mineral tanks,” most are made of polypropylene and/or polyethylene with fiberglass reinforcement. The purpose of this rinse is to rinse and settle the bed and prepare it for return to service flow. In a standard residential filter, a typical backwash lasts about ten minutes.Īfter the backwash, the control valve initiates a “rinse” of the bed during which water flows downward through the medium, up through the riser tube, and out the drain. The backwash is an intense rinsing and tossing of the medium that lasts for several minutes. Particles that were being held in the bed are washed to drain. The water leaves the filter tank through the control valve, which routes it through the filter's drain line. The force of the water is such that it actually lifts the media bed, swirling and tossing the granular medium. The backwash is accomplished by sending water down the riser tube from which it enters the filter tank at the bottom. This process is called “channeling,” and it can reduce the effectiveness of the filter considerably.Īt a preset time, the control valve initiates a “backwash” to clean the medium of collected particles and to resettle the bed and eliminate channels that have formed. As channels or holes in the media bed form, water begins to flow around rather than through the medium. Also, since water's nature is to follow the path of least resistance, after a time it begins to cut channels through the medium. Note that there's a drain line in the picture, but no water goes through it during the filter's “service” function.Īs the filter operates in the service mode, it traps and holds particles in the filter bed. The filtered water then passes up through the center tube, called a “riser” or a “dip tube,” passes through the control valve, and exits the right side of the filter. The water then filters slowly through the medium until it reaches the bottom of the tank where it is collected through a specially-designed sieved “basket” at the bottom of the center tube seen in the picture. The unfiltered water enters from the left and is routed by the control valve into the filter tank. This is how it works when it is doing the job it is designed to do.
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The picture at right shows the filter in “service” position. Many media are known by their brand names of the leading product in the category: Centaur, Filox, Birm, Filter Ag, and KDF, for example. Common media are granular carbon, sand, garnet, anthracite, zeolite, granular manganese dioxide, and greensand. Media (media is plural, medium is singular) are numerous and varied. The filter bed itself is a granular substance that is usually referred to as the filter medium. Backwashing consists of reversing the flow of water so that it enters from the bottom of the filter bed, lifts and rinses the bed, then exits through the top of the filter tank. Backwashing water filters are large tank-style filters that get their name from the fact that they clean and renew themselves by backwashing.